0: C7=0BL >B=>A8BAO ;8 20H A;CG09 : A5:AC0;L=><55B5 ;8 2K 4>AB0G=> >A=>20=89 4;O ?>40G8 60;>1K 2 AC4?
A?>;L7C9B5 AAK;:C =0 AB@0=8FC ">=B0:B=0O =D>@<0F8O". K <>65B5 ?>72>=8BL 8;8 =0?8A0BL =0<, 8 B25B8< =0 20H8 2>?@>AK.
'B> <>65B @0AA<0B@820BLAO :0: A5:AC0;L=>5 ?@8B5A=5=85 8;8 48A:@8<8=0F8O ?> ?>;>2>
0;8D>@=89A:89 0:>= > !?@0254;82>< "@C4>CAB@>9AB25 8 8;8I=KE #A;>28OE (California Fair Employment and Housing Act (FEHA)) 70?@5I05B 48A:@8<8=0F8N 2 D>@<5 ?@8B5A=5=8O ?> ?>;>2>9 ?@8=04;56=>AB8 @01>B=8:0. @8B5A=5=8O 2:;NG0NB 48A:@8<8=0F8N >A=>20==CN =0 15@5<<5=>AB8, @>40E, 8 0=0;>38G=KE <548F8=A:8E A>AB>O=89. !5:AC0;L=K5 ?@8B5A=5=8O B0:65 2:;NG0NB =565;0B5;L=K5 459AB28O A5:AC0;L=>3> E0@0:B5@0.
!CI5AB2C5B 420 >A=>2=KE B8?0 A5:AC0;L=>3> ?@8B5A=5=8O: quid pro quo (CA;C30 70 CA;C3C) 8 A>740=85 2@06451=>9 0B<>AD5@K =0 @01>G5< <5AB5.
'B> B0:>5 A5:AC0;L=K5 ?@8B5A=5=8O B8?0 quid pro quo (CA;C30 70 CA;C3C)?
!5:AC0;L=K5 ?@8B5A=5=8O B8?0 quid pro quo ?@54AB02;ONB A>1>9 B5 A8BC0F88, 2 :>B>@KE >B C4>2;5B2>@5=8O 8;8 >B:;>=5=8O A>B@C4=8:>< =565;0B5;L=KE A5:AC0;L=KE ?@8BO70=89 7028A8B @5H5=85 > ?>2KH5=88 70@?;0BK, ?@>42865=85 ?> A;C615, ;8H5=85 ;L3>B, 27KA:0=85 8;8 =530B82=K5 >B7K2K > @01>B5.
'B> B0:>5 A5:AC0;L=K5 ?@8B5A=5=8O B8?0 A>740=85 2@06451=>9 0B<>AD5@K =0 @01>G5< <5AB5?
"!>740=85 2@06451=>9 0B<>AD5@K" =0 @01>G5< <5AB5 2>7=8:05B B>340, :>340 A>B@C4=8: ?>425@305BAO =565;0B5;L=K< A5:AC0;L=K< ?@8BO70=8O<, 0 B0:65 A;>25A=K< 8;8 D878G5A:8< ?@>2>:0F8O< A5:AC0;L=>3> E0@0:B5@0. >4>1=>3> @>40 ?@8B5A=5=8O 4>;6=K 1KBL 4>AB0B>G=> 3@C1K<8 8 >A:>@18B5;L=K<8 A B>G:8 7@5=8O @0F8>=0;L=>3> G5;>25:0, GB>1K 87<5=8BL @01>G85 CA;>28O >A:>@1;5==>3> A>B@C4=8:0 8 A>740BL 2@06451=CN @01>GCN 0B<>AD5@C.
!5:AC0;L=>5 ?@8B5A=5=85 <>65B B0:65 2:;NG0BL 459AB28O =5 A5:AC0;L=>3> E0@0:B5@0, =0?@8<5@, @C:>2>48B5;L 4G8=5==KE 65=A:>3> ?>;0 G0I5 8 A8;L=55, G5< =0 ?>4G8=5==KE 3> ?>;0. "0:0O D>@<0 =5 A5:AC0;L=>3> ?@8B5A=5=8O <>65B :20;8D8F8@>20BLAO :0: 48A:@8<8=0F8O ?> ?>;>2>B=>A8BAO : B8?C "A>740=85 2@06451=>9 0B<>AD5@K" =0 @01>G5< <5AB5, GB> 1K;> CAB0=>2;5=> @5H5=85< 0??5;OF8>==>3> AC40 452OB>3> >:@C30 ?> 45;C ><8AA88 !( ?> 02=K< >7<>6=>ABO< 2 1;0AB8 "@C4>CAB@>9AB20 ?@>B82 0F8>=0;L=>9 AA>F80F88 ?> 1@07>20=8N (E.E.O.C. v. National Education Association) 2 A5=BO1@5, 2005.